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| [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 1 - general description the ak4184a is a 12-bit a/d converter witch operates 12 5khz (max) sampling rate with a 4-wire resistive touch screen controller (tsc), including low-on re sistance switches, touch pressure measurement capability, a maximum 6 x 5 keypad scanner, eight gp io ports, and a pwm generator for led contrast control. the ak4184a operates down to a 2.5v supply voltage, and it tolerates digital i/o interface voltage from 1.6v to avdd in order to connect to low volt age controllers. the ak4184a supports spi interface for communication to a host controller. the ak4184a is available in a 41-pin bga package and it operates over a temperature range of -40 c to +85 c. the ak4184a is suitable for cellular phone, dsc, dvc, smart phone and mp3 player application systems. features ? spi serial interface ? 12 bit sar a/d converter with s/h circuit ? 4-wire resistive touch screen interface ? sampling frequency: 125 khz (max) ? pen pressure measurement ? 6 x 5 keypad scanner ? 8 gpio ports ? pwm generator for led bias control ? power supply: avdd = 2.5v 3.6v iovdd = 1.6v avdd (digital i/f) ? low power consumption: 400 a ? package: 41pin bga (4mm x 4mm, pitch 0.5mm) ak4184a tsc with keypad scanner and gpio expander
[ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 2 - vss1 12bit adc (sar type) vref+ ain+ vref- control logic ain- avd d xp yp xn yn brcont keypad scanner c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 pw m generator resetn oscillator serial data i/f and level shifter pen and keypad interrupt io vdd din dout csn sclk penirqn keyirqn busy gpio i/f gp0 gp1 gp2 gp3 gp4 gp5 gp6 gp7 vss2 figure 1. block diagram [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 3 - ordering guide ak4184aeg ? 40 +85 c 41pin bga (4mm x 4mm, 0.5mm pitch) AKD4184A ak4184a evaluation board pin layout (bga 41pin) top view a b c e dfg 6 7 5 3 4 1 2 ak4184aeg 7 nc c3 c5 brcont gp1 gp3 nc 6 c1 c4 c6 gp0 gp2 gp5 gp4 5 r4 c2 gp7 gp6 4 r3 r5 xp avdd 3 vss2 r2 vss2 xn yp 2 iovdd r1 busy din csn penirqn yn 1 nc keyirqn dout sclk resetn vss1 nc a b c d e f g top view [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 4 - pin/function no. pin name i/o function a1 nc - no connection no internal bonding. this pin should be open or connected to the ground. b1 keyirqn o keypad interrupt (active low) this pin is ?l? on a key press (when the ak4184a is allowed to detect a key press). this pin is ?h? after a debounce scan is completed. this is always ?h? when the device is in key interrupt disable state. c2 busy o busy output keypad scanner: this pin stays ?h? when th e keypad scanner is on the debounce scan. touch screen controller: this pin stays ?h? from the end of sampling time to the timing of the msb data out. c1 dout o serial data output data is clocked at sclk falling edge. dout pin is ?l? when this part does not produce data at the csn=?l?. this pin is hi-z when csn keeps ?h?. d2 din i serial data input data is clocked on the rising edge of sclk. must keep ?l? while not issuing command. d1 sclk i external clock input e2 csn i chip select input (active low) enables writing data to registers when csn pin = ?l?. e1 resetn i device reset (active low) f2 penirqn o pen interrupt output (active low) penirqn pin is ?l? when touch-screen pressed is detected and the csn pin is ?h?. this pin is ?h? irrespective of touch screen press when pen interrupt is not enabled. the state is dependent upon power down mode. see ? power-down control and ? pen interrupt for reference. g1 nc - no connection no internal bonding. this pin should be open or connected to the ground. f1 vss1 - analog ground g2 yn i/o touch screen y- plate voltage supply ? y axis measurement: supplies voltage to the y- position input ? x axis measurement: open state ? pen pressure measurement: this pin is the input for the a/d converter for z2 measurement. ? pen waiting state: connected to gnd. f3 xn i/o touch screen x- plate voltage supply ? x axis measurement: supplies voltage to the x- position input ? y axis measurement: open state ? pen pressure measurement: supplies the voltage to x- position input of the touch panel ? pen waiting state: open state g3 yp i/o touch screen y+ plate voltage supply ? x axis measurement: supplies voltage to the x- position input ? y axis measurement: open state ? pen pressure measurement voltage supply ? pen waiting state: open state f4 xp i/o touch screen x+ plate voltage supply ? x axis measurement: supplies voltage to the x+ position input ? y axis measurement: this pin is used for the input to the a/d converter ? pen pressure measurement: this pin is the input for the a/d converter for z1 measurement. ? pen waiting state: pulled up by an internal resistor (typ.50k ). g4 avdd - analog power supply: 2.5v ~ 3.6v [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 5 - f5 gp7 i/o gpio7 pin g5 gp6 i/o gpio6 pin f6 gp5 i/o gpio5 pin g6 gp4 i/o gpio4 pin g7 nc - no connection no internal bonding. this pin should be open or connected to the ground. f7 gp3 i/o gpio3 pin e6 gp2 i/o gpio2 pin e7 gp1 i/o gpio1 pin d6 gp0 i/o gpio0 pin d7 brcont o pulse width modulated output signal c6 c6 o keypad column 6 c7 c5 o keypad column 5 b6 c4 o keypad column 4 a7 nc - no connection no internal bonding. this pin should be open or connected to the ground. b7 c3 o keypad column 3 b5 c2 o keypad column 2 a6 c1 o keypad column 1 b4 r5 i keypad row 5 a5 r4 i keypad row 4 c3 vss2 - digital i/o ground a4 r3 i keypad row 3 b3 r2 i keypad row 2 a3 vss2 - digital i/o ground b2 r1 i keypad row 1 a2 iovdd - digital i/o power supply: 1.6v ~ avdd [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 6 - handling of unused pin the unused i/o pins must be processed appropriately as below. classification pin name setting gp0 ~ gp8, r1 ~ r5 these pins should be open. digital c1 ~ c6, brcont these pins should be open. absolute maximum ratings (vss1, vss2 = 0v: note 1 ) parameter symbol min max units analog avdd -0.3 6.0 v power supply ( note 2 ) digital i/f iovdd -0.3 6.0 v input current (any pins except for supplies) iin - 10 ma analog input voltage ( note 3 ) vina -0.3 avdd+0.3 or 6.0 v digital input voltage ( note 4 ) vind -0.3 iovdd+0.3 or 6.0 v touch panel drive current ioutdrv - 50 ma ambient temperature (power supplied) ta -40 85 c storage temperature tstg -65 150 c note 1. all voltages with respect to ground. note 2. vss1 and vss2 must be conn ected to the same analog ground plane. note 3. xp, yp, xn, yn pins. max is smaller value between (avdd+0.3)v or 6.0v. note 4. din, csn, sclk, resetn, r1 ~ r5, gp0 ~ gp7 pins. max is smaller value between (iovdd+0.3)v or 6.0v. pull-up resistors on brcont pin and gp0 ~ gp7 pins should be connected to (iovdd+0.3) v or less voltage. warning: operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device. normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes. recommend operating conditions (vss1, vss2 = 0v: note 1 ) parameter symbol min typ max units power supplies avdd 2.5 3.3 3.6 v digital i/o power supply iovdd 1.6 3.3 avdd v note 1. all voltages are with respect to ground. warning: akemd assumes no responsibility for the usage beyond the conditions in this datasheet. [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 7 - analog characteristics ta = -40 c to 85 c, avdd = iovdd = 3.3v, fs = 125 khz, fsclk=5mhz parameter min typ max units adc for touch screen resolution - 12 - bits no missing codes 11 12 - bits integral nonlinearity (inl) error - - 2 lsb differential nonlinearity (dnl) error - 1 - lsb offset error - - 6 lsb gain error - - 4 lsb touch panel drivers switch on-resistance xp, yp, rl = 300 xn, yn, rl = 300 - - 10 10 - - xp pull up register (when pen interrupt enable) - 50 - k power supply current touch screen only fs = 125khz (pd bit = ?0?) - 400 680 a touch screen only fs = 125khz (pd bit = ?1?) - 500 850 a oscillator on, touch screen driver off, a/d power down - 72 120 a full power down (all blocks power down when csn = ?h?, resetn = ?h?) - 0 5 a dc characteristics (logic i/o) ta = -40 c to 85 c, iovdd = 1.6v to 3.6v parameter symbol min typ max units digital input (csn, sclk, din, r1 ~ r5, gp0 ~ gp7 pins) ?h? level input voltage vih 0.8xiovdd - - v ?l? level input voltage vil - - 0.2xiovdd v input leakage current iilk -10 - 10 a digital output (dout, busy, brcont, penirqn, keyirqn pins) ?h? level output voltage (@ iout = -250 a) voh iovdd-0.4 - - v ?l? level output voltage (@ iout = 250 a) vol - - 0.4 v digital output (gp0 ~ gp7 pins) ?h? level output voltage (@ iout = -1.5ma) voh iovdd-0.4 - - v ?l? level output voltage (@ iout = 1.5ma) vol - - 0.4 v digital output(c1 ~ c6) ?h? level output voltage (@ iout = -1.5ma) voh iovdd-0.4 - - v resistance pulldown resistance (r1 ~ r5 pins) rkey - 16 - k pulldown resistance (gp0 ~ gp7 pins @ input) rgp - 1000 - k tri-state leakage current all pins except for xp, yp, xn, yn pins xp, yp, xn, yn pins iolk -10 -50 - - 10 50 a a [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 8 - switching characteristics ta = -40 c to 85 c, avdd = 2.5v to 3.6v, iovdd = 1.6v to avdd, cl = 20pf parameter symbol min typ max units internal oscillator frequency fosc 0.9 1.3 1.7 mhz touch panel (a/d converter) sclk period tcp 200 - 1000 ns sampling time (rin = 600 ) tsam 1.5 - - s throughput rate fs - - 125 khz conversion time tconv 24 - - tcp timing characteristics sclk pulse width low pulse width high tckl tckh 80 80 - - - - ns ns csn ? ? to first sclk ? ? tcss 300 - - ns csn ? ? to dout tri-state disabled tdv - - 50 ns data setup time tds 40 - - ns data hold time tdh 40 - - ns data output delay after sclk? ? tdd - - 50 ns csn ? ? to dout hi-z state tcdz - - 70 ns csn ?h? time tcsw 150 - - ns sclk ? ? to csn ? ? tcsh 50 - - ns reset timing resetn pulse width ( note 5 ) trst 20 - - s note 5. device is reset by pull resetn pin to ?l?. csn sclk tcss tckh tckl tdh tdd tcsh vil din tds dout tdv tcdz 50%iovdd tcp tcsw vih vil vih vil vih hi-z d10 d11 hi-z d0 figure 2. timing diagram trst vil resetn figure 3. power-down & reset timing [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 9 - operation overview the ak4184a consists of the following blocks: z 4-wire resistive touch screen controller interface z 6 columns by 5 rows keypad interface z 8 gpio pins z pwm control circuit for led bias control z successive approximation resister (sar) a/d converter z pen interrupt and key interrupt circuit z oscillation circuit ak4184a interfaces to the host processor through standard spi? serial interface. spi? is the trademark of motorola. touch screen a/d converter the ak4184a incorporates a 12-bit successive approximation resistor (sar) a/d converter for determining the touch position and pressure measurement. the architecture is based on a capacitive redistribution algorithm, and an internal capacitor array functions as the sample/hold (s/h) circuit. the sar a/d converter output is in straight binary format as shown below: input voltage output code ( vref - 1.5lsb) ~ vref fffh ( vref - 2.5lsb) ~ ( vref - 1.5lsb) ffeh --------- --------- 0.5lsb ~ 1.5lsb 001h 0 ~ 0.5lsb 000h ' vref: (vref+) ? (vref-) table 1. output code [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 10 - touch screen position detection xy-coordinate detection (xy-position) from the touch panel is determined by the control command (a1, a0) bits of the touch screen control command. coordinate detection is in differential mode. the full scale ( vref) is the differential voltage between the non-inver ting terminal and the inverting terminal of the measured axis (e.g. x-axis measurement: vref = v xp ? v xn ). the input ( ain) of the a/d converter is the voltage between the non-inverting terminal (v xp ) of the non-target axis and the inverting terminal (v xn ) of the target axis. (e.g. ain = (ain+) - (ain- ) = v yp ? v xn ) the input voltage charges the in ternal capacitor during the sampling time period. no current flows into the internal capacitors after the capacitor has been fully charged. the required settling time to charge the internal capacitor array needs at least 1.5 s. the maximum throughput of the a/d converter is 125khz. the position from the touch screen is detected by taking the voltage of one axis when the voltage is supplied between the two terminals of another axis. at least two a/d conversions are needed to get the two-dimensional (x/y axis) position. the x-plate and y-plate are connected on the dotted line when the panel is touched. xp xn x-plate (top side) y-plate (bottom side) c) 4-wire touch screen x-plate y-plate x-plate yp yn yn xn yp xn-driver sw on vref+ vref- adc ain+ ain- xp xp-driver sw on a) x-position measurement differential mode b) y-position measurement differential mode yn xn yp yn-driver sw on vref+ vref- adc ain+ ain- xp yp-driver sw on avdd avdd touch screen y-pl ate figure 4. axis measurement [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 11 - pen pressure measurement touch screen pen pressure can be derived from the measurement of the contact resistor between two plates. the contact resistance depends on the size of the depressed area and the pressure. the area of the spot is proportional to the contact resistance. this resistance (rtouch) can be calculated using two different methods. the first method is when the total resistance of the x- plate sheet is already known. the resistance, rtouch, is calculated from the results of three a/d conversions: x-po sition, z1-position, and z2-position, using the following formula: rtouch = (rxplate) * (xposition/4096) * [(z2/z1) ? 1] the second method is when both the resistances of the x-plate and y-plate are known. the resistance, rtouch, is calculated from the results of three a/d conversions: x-po sition, y-position, and z1-position, using the following formula: rtouch = (rxplate * xposition/4096) * [(4096/z1) ? 1] ? ryplate * [1 ? (yposition/4096)] xn-driver sw on yn vref+ vref- adc ain+ ain- xp yp xn yp-driver sw on a) z1-position measurement rtouch xn-driver sw on yn vref+ vref- adc ain+ ain- xp yp xn yp-driver sw on b) z2-position measurement rtouch avdd avdd figure 5. pen pressure measurements [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 12 - keypad scanner the ak4184a keypad scanner is designed to interface to a matrix type keypad with 5 rows x 6 columns (30keys or fewer) to the host controller. the kpmask1, 2 and kpcolumnmask register enable the masking of certain keys or a whole column of the keypad when any keys less than 30 keys or any columns less than 6 columns are not utilized. keypad interrupt detection when the ak4184a is in key interrupt enabled mode, c1 ~ c6 pins are designed to output ?h? and r1 ~ r5 pins are designed to pull to gnd via rkey (rkey=16k typ, figure 5 ). when a key is pressed a related r1 ~ r5 pins go to ?h? and the keyirqn pin goes ?l?. the keyirqn pin returns ?h? after key press scan is completed. the keyirqn pin does not go ?l? again until the host reads the keypad read register (kpdata1 or kpdata2). keypad scan data read the ak4184a starts scanning key cond ition in sequence and writes each keypad state to the registers after a key- press is detected. first the c1 pin goes to ?h? (scan output1) and the c2 ~ c6 pins are in hi-z state. certain r1 ~ r5 pins are connected to c1 and pulled ?h?. the r1 ~ r5 pi ns return to ?l? after the key-press is released. the ak4184a reads r1 ~ r5 pins level (sense input 1 through 5) and loads the keypad data into the register. when two keys are pressed simultaneously, the associated row pins go ?h? at the same time. then the ak4184a c2 pin goes to ?h? (scan output2), and reads and loads the r1 ~ r5 pin levels into the register (sense input 1 through 5). the same sequence as scan output 1 repeats up to scan output 6. the ak4184a makes this scan output and sense input pattern and loads the keypad-data into the register for unmasked columns. debounce key scan performs a series of the scan output/ sense i nput at the end of the de bounce time interval, then the ak4184a loads the key pad data into the resister. -processor starts to read the da ta register after confirming if the keypad scan completed. new keypad scan does not repeat again until the host reads the keypad data. [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 13 - 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 c1 c2 c3 c4 r1 r3 r4 drive high or hi-z state scan output 1 scan output 2 scan output 3 scan output 4 sense input 1 through 5 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 c5 c6 5 10 15 20 25 30 scan output 5 scan output 6 r5 r2 r key r key r key r key r key rkey=16k (typ.) figure 6. key press detection circuitry and key number store the key value in the kpdata1, the kpdata2 register signal from keypad debounce scan oscillator startup key pressed rx time key debounce time interval figure 7. debounce time interval [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 14 - digital interface the ak4184a supports a spi bus system. the host processor starts to communicate with the serial clock. the digital interface can be operated from 1.6v, wh ich enables connecting with a low voltage host controller. the full scale level of the digital i/o voltage is specified iovdd. iovdd figure 8. typical peripheral connection diagram the ak4184a is controlled by reading from and writing to re gisters through the 4-wire se rial interface (csn, sclk, din, and dout pins). the data is composed of control command, control data, and readout data. the transmitter sends each bit on the falling edge of the sclk pin and the r eceiver latches on the rising edge of sclk. the first 16 bits after the falling edge of the csn pin contains the control command followed by 16 bits of control data during the write operation, or 16 bits of readout da ta during the read operation before the rising edge of the csn. this completes a write or read operation. the max clock speed of the sclk pin is 5mhz. the register value is reset by pulling resetn pin to ?l?. the control command layout is shown in table 2 . the upper 8-bit word is the touch screen control command. the next lower 8-bits [d7:d0] are filled with ?0? when accessi ng the touch screen block. the lower 8 bit word is composed of other block control commands, which specify control of the keypad, gpio, and pwm output. when accessing touch panel functions, the lowe r 8-bit word [d7:d0] is filled with ?0? data. when accessing keypad, gpio, or pwm control, the upper 8-bit word [d15:d8] is filled with ?0? data. this command begins with the s bit which specifies access to the touch screen block. the s bit must be set to ?1?. the touch screen command begins with the a1:a0 bits, which select the measurement axis (x, y, and z). the pd bit specifies power down control of the t ouch screen driver and the a/d converter. when controlling other blocks, the first bit is a w/r bit, which specifies the direction of data flow on the bus. the next bit specifies the page bit of the register, which is the data register and the control register as shown in table 3 . the data of the next 6 bits are the address specified in the register. the page and address of the register is shown in table 4 . the next 16 bits are data that are read from or written to the register in table 4 . 32 sclk cycles are necessa ry for both read and write operations. [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 15 - d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 touch screen control command byte other(keypad, gpio, lcd bias) control command byte s msb a1 a0 pd x x x x w/r page addr[5:0] lsb table 2. control command (x: don?t care) page description 0 data register 1 control register table 3. page address page addr register name d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 00h kpdata1 derr kd3[4] kd3[3] kd3[2] kd3[1] kd3[0] kd2[4] kd2[3] kd2[2] kd2[1] kd2[0] kd1[4] kd1[3] kd1[2] kd1[1] kd1[0] 0 01h kpdata2 serr ks2[4] ks2[3] ks3[2] ks3[1] ks3[0] ks2[4] ks2[3] ks2[2] ks2[1] ks2[0] ks1[4] ks1[3] ks1[2] ks1[1] ks1[0] 0 02h -fh reserved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10h gplr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 gpd7 gpd6 gpd5 gpd4 gpd3 gpd2 gpd1 gpd0 0 11h- 3fh reserved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 00h key kst1 kst0 dbn2 dbn1 dbn0 hld2 hld1 hld0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 01h kpmask1 0 km15 km14 km13 km12 km11 km 10 km9 km8 km7 km6 km5 km4 km3 km2 km1 1 02h kpmask2 0 km30 km29 km28 km27 km26 km25 km24 km23 km22 km21 km20 km19 km18 km17 km16 1 03h kpcolumnmask 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 cm6 cm5 cm4 cm3 cm2 cm1 1 04h kpscaninitiate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 05h- 07h reserved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 08h pdctrl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 kppd tppd 1 09h- 0fh reserved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10h gpscr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sc7 sc6 sc5 sc4 sc3 sc2 sc1 sc0 1 11h gpdr io7 io6 io5 io4 io3 io2 io1 io0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12h gppu pu7 pu6 pu5 pu4 pu 3 pu2 pu1 pu0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13h gpsr ps7 ps6 ps5 ps4 ps3 ps2 ps1 ps0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14h- 17h reserved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 18h pwmctl lpu 0 0 brv[4] brv[3] brv[2] brv[1] brv[0] 0 pact 0 0 0 div2 div1 div0 1 19h- 3fh reserved 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 table 4. ak4184a register map [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 16 - system reset upon power-up, all blocks of the ak4184a must be reset by the resetn pin = ?l?. this ensures that all internal registers are reset to their initial values (0000h). the touc h screen control data is set to x-measurement and auto driver off (a1 bit=a0 bit = pd bit=?0?). internal state is fixed and the pen interrupt function is enabled. if the avdd and iovdd are supplied separately, the power up sequence is not critical. touch screen control command the control command (4 bits) provided to the ak4184a via din is shown in table 5 . this command includes a start bit, channel selection of adc input, power-down mode of adc and the next 12bits (written by ?0? data). the ak4184a latches the serial command on the rising edge of sclk. detail information regarding the bit order, function, status of the driver switch, adc input and reference voltage are shown in table 6 and table 7 . d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 s a1 a0 pd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 table 5. touch screen command word format bits name function 15 s start bit. this bit must be ?1? 14:13 a1-a0 channel selection bits. analog inputs to the a/d converter and the activated driver switches are selected. ( table 7 ) 12 pd power-down mode ( table 8 ) 11:0 reserved table 6. the definition of touch screen control data input status of driver switch adc input ( ain) reference voltage ( vref) s a1 a0 xp xn yp yn ain+ ain- vref+ vref- note 1 0 0 on on off off yp xn xp xn x-axis 1 0 1 off off on on xp yn yp yn y-axis 1 1 0 off on on off xp(z1) xn yp xn z1 (pen pressure) 1 1 1 off on on off yn(z2) xn yp xn z2 (pen pressure) table 7. status of driver switch [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 17 - power-down control the power-down state of a/d converter and the touch scr een driver switches is controlled by the pd bit. pd penirqn function 0 enabled auto driver power off mode. when pd bit is ?0?, the touch screen driver switches and th e a/d converter are automatically powered up at the start of sampling, and moves to power- down state automatically at the rising edge of csn. the ak4184a is always powered down when csn is ?h?. all touch screen driver switche s except for the yn sw itch are turned off, and relative pins are in open state. only the yn driver switch is turned on, and the yn pin is forced to ground. the pen interrupt function is enabled except when csn is ?l?. see ? ? pen interrupt? for detail. 1 disabled adc on mode when pd bit is ?1?, the touc h screen driver switches and the a/d converter are always turned on. the pen interrupt function is disabled and the penirqn pin is always ?h?, regardless of the pen touch. the touch panel driver turns on before sampling time starts so that the touch panel voltage fed into a/d converter is stable in this mode. the sampling time starts at the falling edge of csn this is effective if more settling time is required to suppress the electrical bouncing of touch plate. table 8. power-down control a/d converter is power-down both when the csn pin is ?h? and controlling with keypad scanner, gpio block, pwm controller. a/d converter is power-up when issues touch panel command at the csn pin is ?l?. [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 18 - touch screen control sequence the timing of sampling and a/d conversion is shown in figure 8 . the ak4184a is controlled through a standard spi serial interface (csn, sclk, din, and dout pins). bu sy and dout are in hi-z state when csn = ?h?. the ak4184a latches the 4-bit control word serially via din on the rising edge of sclk. din must be low until csn is ?h?. the s bit must be ?1?. the sampling (sampling1 or sampling2) time for the a/d converter depends on the pd bit. the sar-a/d conversion is synchronized with sclk. the a/d conversion occurs between the falling edge of the sixth sclk and the 20 th sclk, followed by a 12-bit serial data output. sampling time is determined by the pd bit. if a series of the measurements are the same and the previous pd bit is ?0?, sampling occurs between the falling edge of the third sclk and the sixth sclk (sampling2). when th e previous pd bit is ?1?, sampling occurs between the falling edge of csn to the falling edge of the sixth sclk (sampling1 + sampling2). this is a longer sampling time. if the measurements switch to another axis, the measurement ax is is determined by the current setting of the [a1, a0] bits, irrespective of the pd bit setting. even through the previous pd bit is ?1?, the valid sampling time is sampling2 as shown in figure 9 . sampling time depends on sclk and the source impedance. when the a/d input voltage does not reach the final voltage during sampling2, continue to measure the same axis with the pd bit = ?1? or use a slower sclk in order to increase the settling time. the busy pin stays ?h? from beginning of the a/d conversion to the beginning of msv data output (20th falling edge of sclk). busy is ?l? for the other period. the ak4184a outputs a/d data with msb first via dout from the rising edge of the 21st sclk. 0 d4 csn sclk din dout a/d data 1 2 3 5 6 8 9 16 17 18 19 21 23 25 29 31 32 7 14 30 24 20 22 s a1 pd a0 d11 d10 d0 d3 d2 d1 d9 hi-z hi-z 4 a/d conversion control command d8 touch screen driver sw previous pd bit pd = ?1? current pd bit pd = ?0? pd = ?1? pd = ?0? sampling1 + sampling2 sampling2 pd = ?1? pd = ?0? figure 9. touch screen operation [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 19 - pen interrupt the ak4184a has a pen interrupt function to detect a pen touch. the pen interrupt function is enabled during power- down state. the yn pin is connected to gnd during the pe n interrupt enabled state. the xp pin is pulled up via an internal resistor (ri), typically 50k . if the touch plate is pressed by a pen, the current flows via [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 20 - keypad, gpio, led contrast control the control command format for accessing the keypad scanne r, gpio, and led contrast control is described in table 10 . the sequence of writing to and reading from the registers is shown in table 12 , table 13 . the upper msb byte (touch screen command) of the control command is set to zero when assessing these blocks. refer to table 4 for the control and read data formats. d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w/r page addr[5:0] table 9. keypad, gpio, led contrast control command format bits name description 7 w/r write/read bit 0: write 1: read 6 page page bit ( table 3 ) 5:0 addr address bit ( table 4 ) table 10. control command 1. write operation csn sclk din dout 3 1 2 8 9 10 12 13 15 16 18 25 26 28 29 31 32 w/r pa g e 11 14 addr [ 5:0 ] 15 14 4 876 0 3 2 1 5 30 27 13 19 control command control data 17 hi-z hi-z ?0? figure 11. write operation 2. read operation csn sclk din dout 3 1 2 8 9 10 12 13 15 16 18 25 26 28 29 31 32 w/r page 11 14 addr [ 5:0 ] 15 14 4 876 0 3 2 1 5 30 27 13 19 control command read data 17 hi-z hi-z ?0? figure 12. read operation [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 21 - keypad scanner the ak4184a has a keypad interface which supports maximum keypad matrix of six columns by five rows. keypad measurement mode setting the kst1 bit = ?0? (default) enables the ak4184a to monitor key-press detection and move to key pad measurement mode after keypad detection. the ak4184a provides two different keypad measurement modes by setting the kst0 bit: host scan mode and key press scan mode. host scan mode when the kst0 bit is ?1? the mode is host scan mode, pressing the keypad down makes the ak4184a outputs a keypad interrupt signal (keyirqn pin goes low), and then the ak4184a move to the state which waits for a kpscaninitiate (page1, address 04h) command from hos t. the internal oscillato r turns off until receiving this command, and the ak4184a does not execute key scan. keypad scan begin when receiving a kpscaninitiate command. once receiving this command, the ak4184a turns on th e internal oscillator and starts keypad debounce scan. key press scan mode when the kst0 bit is ?0? key press scan mode is enabled. pressing the keypad down causes the ak4184a to output a keypad interrupt signal (keyirqn pin goes low) and the ak4184a starts a keypad debounce scan automatically. the keypad data register (kpdata1, kpdata2) is revised after completing a debounce scan. the keyiqrn pin goes to ?h? and the ak4184a goes to hold state. key press detect function is disabled during the hold time. when the host processor reads the keypad data register during hold tim e, the hold time counter is reset and restarted after being read by the host processor. key press detection is not valid until the host processor reads th e keypad data register after hold time is passed. reading a keypad date is determ ined by accessing kpdata1, kpda ta2 register. reading the kpdata1 or kpdata2 registers is required when key pre ss interrupts of the ak4184a become valid. the hold time and the debounce time are controlled throu gh the keypad control register (key). keypad debounce scan initiated by host (initial : kst1 bit="0", kst0 bit="1") keyirqn busy din kpscaninitiate kpdata1,2 state dout ry debounce scan hold key detect disable key detect enable csn kpscaninitiate debounce scan hold kpdata1,2 wait key detect enable then wait when host reads the keypad data during the hold time, the hold time counter will reset after keypad data is read completly. figure 13. timing diagram for keypad debounce scan initiated by host (initial: key interrupt enable, wait for host instruction) [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 22 - keypad debounce scan initiated by keypad activity (initial : kst1 bit="0", kst0 bit="0") keyirqn busy ry csn kpdata1,2 state dout debounce scan hold debounce scan hold key detect enable then wait key detect enable key detect disable figure 14. keypad debounce scan initiated by key activity (key interrupt enable, key scan initiated by key touch) keypad control register (page 1) the keypad scanner controller is controlled by the keypad control register ( table 12 ), keypad mask register ( table 17 ) and keypad column register ( table 19 ). this register controls the key press interrupt (host scan mode or key-press scan mode), key-press debounce time inte rval and hold time. the keypad mask re gister is valid for each key masked after debounce key scan. the keypad column mask register stops a key scan of a selected key column and is disabled for the detection of key press. addr name d15 msb d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 lsb 00h key kst1 kst0 dbn[2:0] hld[2:0] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 table 11. keypad control register format bits name description 15 kst1 key interrupt enable signal 0 : enable 1 : disable 14 kst0 key scan initiated by host/key 0 : scan starts by key-press 1 : scan starts by host command 13:11 dbn keypad debounce time interval 10:8 hld keypad hold time control 7:0 reserved table 12. keypad control register (write) the kst1 and kst0 bits can be read to determine the state of keypad scanne r. the kst1 and kst0 bits and their descriptions are described in table 13 . kst1 kst0 description 0 0 keypad debounce scan is busy. 0 1 wait for the command initiated by host 1 0 no detect 1 1 data available table 13. kst bit (read) [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 23 - the keypad debounce time interval is determined by [dbn2:dbn0]. the default setting is 1ms. dbn2 dbn1 dbn0 function 0 0 0 debounce time: 1ms (default) 0 0 1 debounce time: 2ms 0 1 0 debounce time: 5ms 0 1 1 debounce time: 10ms 1 0 0 debounce time: 20ms 1 0 1 debounce time: 50ms 1 1 0 debounce time: 80ms 1 1 1 debounce time: 100ms table 14. keypad debounce time interval the keypad hold time is determined by [hld2:hld0]. the default setting is 100 s. hld2 hld1 hld0 function 0 0 0 wait 100 s for next debounce scan (default) 0 0 1 wait 1 debounce time interval to the next debounce scan 0 1 0 wait 2 debounce time interval to the next debounce scan 0 1 1 wait 3 debounce time interval to the next debounce scan 1 0 0 wait 4 debounce time interval to the next debounce scan 1 0 1 wait 5 debounce time interval to the next debounce scan 1 1 0 wait 6 debounce time interval to the next debounce scan 1 1 1 wait 7 debounce time interval to the next debounce scan table 15. keypad hold time control keypad mask register (page 1) this register controls the key to be masked after a debounce key scan. the keypad mask register format is described in the following table. this register setting is valid for the data in the kpdata2 register. addr name d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 01h kpmask1 0 km15 km14 km13 km12 km11 km10 km9 km8 km7 km6 km5 km4 km3 km2 km1 02h kpmask2 0 km30 km29 km28 km27 km26 km25 km24 km23 km22 km21 km20 km19 km18 km17 km16 table 16. keypad mark register format kmx description 0 disable keypad data masked (default) 1 enable keypad data masked table 17. keypad mask bit the number of the keypad corresponds to each bit of this register .this relationship is shown in table 24 . kpmask1, kpmask2 default setting is 0000h (disable keypad data masked on kpdata2) [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 24 - keypad column mask register (page 1) the keypad column mask register format is shown in table 19 . this register allows a certain column to be masked from keypad detection. addr name d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 03h kpcolumnmask 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 cm6 cm5 cm4 cm3 cm2 cm1 table 18. keypad column mask register format cmx description 0 enable key press detection for a certain column pin (default) 1 disable key press detection for a certain column pin table 19. keypad column mask bit keypad scan initiate command (page 1) when a key is pressed with the kst0 bit = ?1?, the ak4184a does not start debounce and key scan, the host controller sends a keypad scan initiate command to the ak4184a. after receiving the command, the ak4184a starts a debounce scan, and the host controller can then read the data [d15:d0] from the keypad data register (kpdata1, kpdata2). when receiving th e command the keypad data resister (k pdata1, kpdata2) is reset to 0000h. addr name d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 04h kpscaninitiate x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x table 20. keypad scan initiate command format [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 25 - keypad data register (page 0) the keypad data register format is shown below. kd1, kd2, kd3, ks1, ks2 and ks3 represent the number of keys pressed. table 24 shows a configuration of a 30-key keypad. data of kd1, kd2, kd3, ks1, ks2 and ks3 returned as zero represents no key pressed. the ak4184a keypad scanner can be read out up to three keys simultaneously. the ak4184a key pad scanner writes the number of keys pressed in the keypad data register. for example: when two keys are pressed at the same time, the contents of th e keypad register are filled with kd1, kd2, ks1, and ks2. kd3 and ks3 are the zero data. when more than four keys are pressed at the same time , error bits (derr bit and serr bit) are set to ?1? and kd1, kd2, kd3, ks1, ks2, and ks3 data are set to 31. the keypad data can be read out either from the kpdata1 register or the kpdata2 register. the kpdata1 register represents the keypad data masked by the keypad column mask register. kpda ta2 register represents the keypad data masked by both the keypad column mask register and the keypad mask register. kpdata1 and kpdata2 register are cleared after these resisters are read. addr name d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 00h kpdata1 derr kd3[4 :0] kd2[4:0] kd1[4:0] 01h kpdata2 serr ks3[4:0] ks2[4:0] ks1[4:0] table 21. keypad data register format bits name description 15 derr keypad scan data error 14:10 kd3 keypad scan result 3. can be masked by column mask 9:5 kd2 keypad scan result 2. can be masked by column mask 4:0 kd1 keypad scan result 1. can be masked by column mask table 22. keypad data 1 register (addr: 00h) bits name description 15 serr keypad status data error 14:10 ks3 keypad status result 3. can be masked by both keymask and column mask 9:5 ks2 keypad status result 2. can be masked by both keymask and column mask 4:0 ks1 keypad status result 1. can be masked by both keymask and column mask table 23. keypad data 2 register (addr: 01h) the corresponding number and its keypad layout are shown on table 24 . c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 r1 #1 #6 #11 #16 #21 #26 r2 #2 #7 #12 #17 #22 #27 r3 #3 #8 #13 #18 #23 #28 r4 #4 #9 #14 #19 #24 #29 r5 #5 #10 #15 #20 #25 #30 table 24. keypad to key number mapping [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 26 - gpio controller the ak4184a has eight ports [gp0:gp7] which can be configured as inputs or outputs for general purpose. figure 15 shows a block diagram of a single gpio pin. the gpio pin direction register (gpdr) is used to program the gpio pins as input or output. for a pin configured as output, use the gpio pin pull-up register (gppu) to set the pin type to either open-drain or cmos , and use the gpio set/ clear register (gpscr) to set a pin level high or low. to validate the state of gp0 ~ gp7 pins, write to the gpio pin state register (gpsr) to program the pin state as pull- down or hi-z and read the gpio pin level register (gplr) at any time even if the pin is configured as an output. the gpio pin state is determined by these regist ers before writing and reading the pin level. the pin state set by default input, pull-down. pin set (gpscr) pin level (gplr) pin pull-up (gppu) pin direction (gpdr) gpio pin pin state (gpsr) figure 15. general-purpose i/o block diagram gpio pin set/ clear register (page 1) the gpio pin set/clear register sets the pin level when the pin is configured as an output ( table 28 : io bit = ?1?). gpscr is a write-only register. the actual pin level is read from the gplr register. addr name d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 10h gpscr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sc7 sc6 sc5 sc4 sc3 sc2 sc1 sc0 table 25. gpio pin set/ clear register format bits name description 15:8 reserved 7:0 sc set gpio pin level for gpio pins 0: set pin level low (default) 1: set pin level high table 26. gpio pin set/clear register gpio pin direction register (page 1 ) whether a pin is input or an output is determined by the gpdr register. the gpdr contains one direction-control bit for each of the eight gpio pins. addr name d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 11h gpdr io7 io6 io5 io4 io3 io2 io1 io0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 table 27. gpio pin direction register format bits name description 15:8 io gpio direction select 0: gpio pin configured as input. (default) 1: gpio pin configured as output. 7:0 reserved table 28. gpio direction register [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 27 - gpio pin pull-up register (page 1 ) the gppu register determines the output pin type - either cmos or open drain. this register is valid for pins configured as outputs (io bit = ?1? in table 28 ). pull-up resistors on gp0 to gp7 pins must be connected to (iovdd+0.3) v or lower voltage when the pux bit is set to ?1?. addr name d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 12h gppu pu7 pu6 pu5 pu4 pu3 pu2 pu1 pu0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 table 29. gpio pin pull-up register format bits name description 15:8 pu gpio pullup register select 0: gpio cmos outputs (default) 1: gpio open drain outputs 7:0 reserved table 30. gpio pull-up register gpio pin state register (page 1) the gpsr register determines the state of pins which are ei ther pull-down or hi-z. this register is valid for pins configured as inputs (io bit = ?0?). addr name d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 13h gpsr ps7 ps6 ps5 ps4 ps3ps2ps1ps00000 0 0 00 table 31. gpio pin state register format bits name description 15:8 ps gpio pin state select 0: gpio pull-down (rgp=1m ? typ.) state (default) 1: gpio pin hi-z state 7:0 reserved table 32. gpio pin state register gpio pin level register (page 0) the state of each gpio pin can be determined by reading this register (gplr). each bit corresponds to one pin. use the gplr read-only registers to determine the current le vel of a certain pin irrespective of the programmed pin direction. the upper eight bits returns zero when read. addr name d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 10h gplr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 gpd7 gpd6 gpd5 gpd4 gpd3 gpd2 gpd1 gpd0 table 33. gpio pin level register format bits name description 15:8 0 reserved 7:0 gpd gpio pin level bits for gpio pins 0: pin state is low 1: pin state is high table 34. gpio pin level register [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 28 - led contrast control the ak4184a contains an oscillator and a pwm control circuit for controlling the brightness of an led by modulating the ?on? time. the brightness is determined by the pwm basic frequency (f pwm ) and duty cycles. the pwm block divides the internal oscillator frequency (fosc) and modulates this output. the range of pwm frequency (fpwm) is 80hz minimum. the modulating range is provided by 32 duty cycle steps from the pwm logic controller. the output control is determined by the pact bit. the du ty cycle width of the pwm fre quency is controlled by the brv and div bits. the pwm signal stays constant on norm al mode until duty cycle, pwm frequency changed. the output type is possible to select either cmos or open drain, set by the lpu bit. after reset, the pwm block is in power-down state and the brcont pin outputs a ?l? level. divider 2 (div[2:0]+7) f osc f pwm pwm logic controller brcont oscillator f brcont figure 16. pwm output block example brv [4:0] =11h setting 0 1 11 3 8 9 15 12 13 14 10 16 17 27 82425 31 28 29 30 26 0 2 18 internal pwm counter brcont duty cycle br[4:0] =11h pwm frequency(f pwm ) = fosc / 2 (div[2:0]+7) figure 17. pwm output waveform pwm control register (page 1) addr name d15 msb d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 lsb 18h pwmctrl lpu 0 0 brv[4:0] 0 pact 0 0 0 div[2:0] table 35. pwm control register format bits name description 15 lpu output type open drain / cmos 0: cmos type (default) 1: open drain type 14:13 reserved 12:8 brv bright control value the period of ?h? output level is (control value + 1) cycle in unit of (fpwm/32) 7 reserved 6 pact oscillator and pwm logic controller power up 0: power down state (default) 1: normal mode (oscillator power up and enable output) 5:3 reserved 2:0 div pwm clock divider index fpwm(typ.)=fosc/2 [div + 7] table 36. pwm control register [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 29 - power down register (page 1) the power down register determines the power down control of the keypad scanner block and touch screen block. the power down state in the touch screen block (tppd bit = ?1?) holds all of the touch panel driver switches off, so that current cannot flow through the touch panel. the pen interrupt function is disabled and the penirqn pin always stays ?h?, effective for reducing power consumption of the touch screen block. a power down state in the keypad scanner block (kppd bit = ?1?) holds all the c1 ~ c6 pins outputs ?l?. by setting this bit = ?1? stops key scanning and clears the keypad data register (kpdata1, kpdata2). the keypad function is restored after the keypad scanner block is powered up. the keypad interrupt is disabled at power-down. the power down control register format is shown here. addr name d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 08h pdctrl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 kppd tppd table 37. power down register format bits name description 15:2 reserved 1 kppd enable keypad block power up/down 0: power up (default) 1: power down 0 tppd enable the touch screen control block power up/down 0: power up (default) 1: power down table 38. power down register [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 30 - system design figure 18 shows a system connection diagra m for the ak4184a. the evaluation board [AKD4184A] is available, which demonstrates the optimum layout and power supply arrangement. top view nc c1 r4 c2 r3 r5 vss2 r2 iovdd r1 nc keyirqn busy din csn pen irqn dout sclk resetn vss1 nc yn xn yp xp avdd gp7 gp6 gp5 gp4 gp3 nc gp2 gp1 gp0 brcont c6 c5 c4 c3 vss2 digital i/o supply 1.6 note: - vss1 and vss2 of the ak4184a must be distributed separately from the ground of external controllers. - do not allow digital input pins (csn, sclk, din pins) to float. - the dout pin is floating except when comm unicating with the host processor. a 100k pull-down or pull-up register must be connected. figure 18. typical connection diagram attention to the pcb wiring the ak4184a requires careful attention to power and grounding. vss1, vss2 must be connected to analog ground system analog ground and digital ground must be connected together as close as possible to where the supplies are brought onto the printed circuit board. decoupling capacitors must be as close to the ak4184a as possible, with the small value ceramic capacitor being the closest. when an emi source is close to the touch panel anal og signal line, emi noise reduces analog performance characteristics. noise cancelin g capacitors as close as possible to each pin (xp, xn, yp, yn pins) of the ak4184a should be connected to avoid this noise. ( figure 18) in addition, esd protection devices should be mounted on the printed circuit board for countermeasure for surge and static electricity on the touch pane l, gpio and keypad signal lines. [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 31 - control sequence x-, y- coordinate measurements x: x-measurement, y: y-measurement. 0: pd bit = ?0? setting, 1: pd bit = ?1? setting. csn x, 0 x, 1 x, 0 y, 0 y, 1 y, 0 repeat repeat cycle pin figure 19. timing sequence for detecting x, y position [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 32 - keypad scanner flowchart 1. host scan keypad touch read kpdata1,2 register? keyirqn pin low start cloc k busy pin high busy pin low start scanning & debouncing keys store scan results in kpdata1, 2 register stop clock keyirqn pin hig h done yes no write kpscaninitiate register figure 20. keypad scanner sequence initiated by host command [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 33 - 2. keypress scan mode keypad touch read kpdata1,2 register? keyirqn pin low start cloc k busy pin high busy pin low start scanning & debouncing keys store scan results in kpdata1, 2 register stop clock keyirqn pin hig h done yes no figure 21. keypad scanner sequence initiated by key press [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 34 - package 41pin fbga (unit: mm) 4.0 0.1 4.0 0.1 0.5 a b c e f g 7 6 5 3 2 41 - 0.3 0.05 0.15 ab s b 0.5 m a 3.0 4 d 3.0 1 0.08 s s 0.24 0.06 0.89 0.11 material & lead finish package molding compound: epoxy interposer material: bt resin solder ball material: snagcu [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 35 - marking 4184a xxxx ? xxxx: date code identifier (4 digits) pin #a1 indication revision history date (yy/mm/dd) revision reason page contents 08/04/16 00 first edition [ak4184a] ms0947-e-00 2008/04 - 36 - important notice z these products and their specifications ar e subject to change without notice. when you consider any use or application of these produc ts, please make inquiries the sales office of asahi kasei emd corporation (akemd) or authorized distributors as to current status of the products. z akemd assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other rights in the application or use of any information contained herein. z any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license or other official approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to customs and tariffs, currency exchange, or strategic materials. z akemd products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical components note1) in any safety, life support, or other hazard related device or system note2) , and akemd assumes no responsibility for such use, except for the use approved with the expres s written consent by representative di rector of akemd. as used here: note1) a critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result, whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or system containing it, and which must therefore meet ve ry high standards of performance and reliability. note2) a hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance of safety or for applications in medi cine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or ot her fields, in which its failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in significant injury or damage to person or property. z it is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of akemd products, who distributes, disposes of, or otherwise places the product with a third party, to notify such third party in advance of the above content and conditions, and the buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability for and hold akemd harmless from any and all claims arising from the use of sa id product in the absence of such notification. |
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